中國網站品牌欄目（頻道）
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| 張明權 |
參考譯文：
Hsu Chi-mo’s Obsession with Cambridge
In Smoking and Culture Xu Zimo recounted with deep affection his life in Cambridge. He said, “The days I spent in Cambridge were most blissful of all. I am afraid I would never have an opportunity to relive those sweet days for the rest of my life. I dare not say how knowledgeable I have become through my education in Cambridge, I dare not say one can be regenerated and deified through the baptism of Cambridge. What I dare say is that it was Cambridge that opened my eyes, it was Cambridge that aroused my curiosity in knowledge, it was Cambridge that generated the awareness of “I” in me.” Students entered into Cambridge immediately breathe the humanist air tinged with poetic flavor; they are intoxicated by the atmosphere of varied literary schools that edify their souls. Among these students is Xu Zimo, who was well read in those masterpieces by Thomas Hardy, Charles Dickens, P. B. Shelley, Lord Byron, and so on that later had great impact on his own poetical works.
翻譯需要講求對等，但有時候這種對等不能太過機械。從實際操作層面來看，大多數翻譯對等都是在句子層面展開的，不過偶然也需要進行跨越句子的調整，這樣的對等可以說是段落或篇章的對等。實際上，英漢語言在篇章上的差異也是翻譯必須考慮的一個因素，比如英語段落往往有一個主題句，而漢語的段落在主題句上則表現得不是那么明顯，因此在漢譯英時適當地添加主題句也是可取的。我在翻譯譯題一時，就考慮到了這個因素，所以第一句添加了部分信息，以使其能夠概述這一段落的內容。“In Smoking and Culture Xu Zimo recounted with deep affection his life in Cambridge.”這句話回譯成漢語就是：在《吸煙與文化》一書中，徐志摩深情地講述了他在劍橋（康橋）的生活。這樣處理使得段落的主題突出，比較符合英語的行文習慣。信息補充并非空虛來風，或者源于讀者與譯者共享的信息、史實或百科知識、或者源于上下文所提供的信息。
由于譯題一對徐志摩作品的引用很多地方涉及隱喻，所以翻譯起來很不容易。網友tu220tu的譯文相當不錯，不過在翻譯“變氣息，脫凡胎”、“給我胚胎”等比喻時，主要采取的是意譯的方法，譯文分別是became elegant and refined和bred my self-awareness，“胚胎”的隱喻本體喪失了。其他網友的翻譯中，JoanBaez使用了incubate來對譯后一處比喻。實際上，隱喻的處理一直是一個難題，過直則侵害譯入語的語言習慣，意譯則丟失原文的比喻色彩。比如網友zhugefuqin翻譯的這句話： that it is Cambridge that broadened my horizons, it is Cambridge that activate my desire for learning ,and it is Cambridge that cultivated my self-consciousness（拼寫錯誤已訂正），就是很好的意譯，但對于徐志摩刻意采用的隱喻則有所忽略，這可能就是翻譯的兩難境地。
參考譯文：
Happy Son-in-law’s Day!
In a TV serial called The New Times of Son-in-law, the protagonist starring Lin Yongjian went so far as to propose that February 22 should be observed as Son-in-law’s Day each year. The very concept of this celebration and the three “2s” (February is obviously the 2nd month of a year) there in the day combine to make people simmer with laughter. In making the proposal, the said son-in-law spoke plausibly, “February 22 shall be Son-in-law’s day each year from now on.” Why choose February 22? The secret lies in the digit “2” that connotes the status quo of a son-in-law in a Chinese family. He is no more than a “secondary citizen”, who has always been the second choice, in big events as well as trivial matters. In addition, some behaviors of son-in-laws have been labeled as “er”, which carries the sense of an idiot now in Chinese.
對于譯題二的翻譯而言，“二”是最大的難題。近年來，“二”從北京方言一躍成為社會流行語，其隱含的意義十分豐富，在英語中暫時還沒有一個能與之對應的詞匯。網友在翻譯處理上，也多采用了意譯的方法，個別網友的直譯違背了英語詞匯構成的原則，是不可取的，比如jessicadanbi 使用的secondlized一詞和hairong2011使用的 twolized一詞，在英語中是根本不存在的，雖然中國人已經創造出了ungelivable這樣的英語單詞，但這樣的造詞一般是很難被譯入語所接受的。在翻譯學上，對于確實沒有對應詞，又需要向目的語介紹的詞語，一般可采用音譯與解釋相結合的方法，比如像我在譯文中那樣處理：labeled as “er”, which carries the sense of an idiot now in Chinese。這種方法也是我們以前討論過的解釋性翻譯法，具體來說是添加必要的解釋性信息。像網友IAN CHANG的翻譯“and the some acts of son-in-law have a stereotyped image of clumsiness in our society, and so on”，意思上是正確的，但由于意譯處理了原文的“二”字的意思，沒有附加解釋，使上下文脫節，給人感覺有些突兀。
我在處理這段文字時，也進行了跨句的處理，比如把“電視劇的男主角林永健”這一信息移到了第一句中，這樣可以表面漢語句子“一部名為《新女婿時代》的電視劇，竟然倡議將每年2月22日定為女婿節”翻譯成英語時找不到適當的主語的尷尬。網友squirrel2011的翻譯：“A TV drama, new era of son-in-law, proposes so far as to designate the date of Feb 22 as the "son-in-law Day".”就不得不用a TV drama作主語，看起來總有些尷尬。
參考譯文：
“Taobao Shopkeeper Syndrome” Concerns White Collars
Netizens could not help bemoaning over the karoshi of a 25-year-old female crown shopkeeper when they read the recent post about her on the internet. It is said that the Taobao shop run by the deceased 25-year-od young woman had been credited with the crown title within 2 years. Though she was among the best of Taobao shopkeepers, she had overworked herself to a tragic death. Many Taobao shopkeepers sighed over her story and began to pay attention to their own “online life” of long hours each day that had been the invisible killer of their health. In reality, in a modern society, white collars lead a similar life as Taobao shopkeepers: they switch on their computers as long as they start a day’s work, stare at the screen all day long, refresh microblogs once in a while on their mobile phones, and even stay up late into night to “devour” one online novel after another…
第三段文字不算很難，但開頭要開好，由于帖子的名稱太長，我在翻譯時進行了變通處理。網友大部分使用了直譯的方法，比如kimlily的翻譯“Recently, a post titled “25-year-old online crown female shopkeeper died from overwork, who paid for her youth?” made people sigh a lot. ”的句式可以稍作調整，改成：Recently, a post made people sigh a lot titled…，另一個問題就是這里的“人們”一詞太泛，可以改為netizens，這樣能準確地揭示讀到貼子的人們的身份，從翻譯對詞語的選擇來講，詞匯要具體準確才好。
這段文字在中間銜接部分也需給與特別關注，“其實，何止是淘寶掌柜們”這里是銜接上下文的句子，意思是“白領和淘寶掌柜們”在生活方式上有很多相似的地方，因此可以翻譯成：white collars lead a similar life as Taobao shopkeepers，這樣比較符合英語的表達習慣。“消滅”這個詞不容易翻譯，從系統隱喻的角度來看，以戰爭的詞匯比喻日常生活行為是很常見的，比如kill the time，但英語中并無等同于漢語“消滅小說”這樣的說法，筆者開始用了“annihilate”一詞來翻譯，后來感覺不妥，就換成了devour一詞，因為在英語中已經有了先例，可以說devour a novel（貪婪地閱讀小說）。
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專家簡介：
張明權，安徽省固鎮縣人，江蘇大學外國語學院副教授，英語語言文學碩士，上外博士課程班進修。主要從事英語語言學和翻譯學研究，在國內外學術期刊發表論文10余篇，出版譯著兩部，發表其他文章20余篇，有大量翻譯實踐經驗，翻譯總字數接近200萬。Email: mqzhang@ujs.edu.cn。
（作者：張明權 中國日報網英語點津 編輯：Julie）
