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5月新聞熱詞匯總

中國日報網 2018-06-01 08:45

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5月,迎來馬克思誕辰200周年,習近平主席出席紀念大會并發表重要講話;習近平主席與金正恩在大連舉行會晤;美國總統特朗普宣布美國退出伊朗核協議,宣布6月12日在新加坡與朝鮮領導人會晤,之后又宣布暫不會晤,之后又說要會晤;不管領導人是否會晤,白宮通訊局倒是先出了一款“特金會”紀念幣;我國首個地下云圖網在四川、云南開建;美國夏威夷大島火山爆發;我國首艘國產航母進行海試;女乘客遇害,滴滴順風車進行整改;三場演唱會三個逃犯落網,張學友化身“逃犯克星”;煎餅馃子有了加工專業技術規范;我國宣布自7月1日起,降低汽車整車及零部件進口關稅。

5月新聞熱詞匯總

馬克思誕辰兩百周年 Karl Marx's 200th birth anniversary

President Xi Jinping, also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, delivered a speech during a conference to mark the 200th anniversary of the birth of Karl Marx in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on Friday morning.

4日上午,紀念馬克思誕辰200周年大會在北京人民大會堂隆重舉行。中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席習近平在大會上發表重要講話。

With noble ideals and no fear of difficulties and adversities, throughout his lifetime, Marx devoted himself to perseverantly striving for the liberation of humanity, scaling the peak of thoughts in his pursuit of truth, and the unremitting fight to overturn the old world and establish a new one, according to Xi.

習近平說,馬克思的一生,是胸懷崇高理想、為人類解放不懈奮斗的一生;馬克思的一生,是不畏艱難險阻、為追求真理而勇攀思想高峰的一生;馬克思的一生,是為推翻舊世界、建立新世界而不息戰斗的一生。

習近平說,馬克思主義是科學的理論,創造性地揭示了人類社會發展規律;馬克思主義是人民的理論,第一次創立了人民實現自身解放的思想體系;馬克思主義是實踐的理論,指引著人民改造世界的行動;馬克思主義是不斷發展的開放的理論,始終站在時代前沿(Marxism is a constantly developing theory and always stands at the forefront of the times)。

習近平說,

學習馬克思,就要學習和實踐馬克思主義關于人類社會發展規律的思想(we should study and practice Marxist thought on the law of the development of human society);

學習馬克思,就要學習和實踐馬克思主義關于堅守人民立場的思想(we should study and practice Marxist thought on upholding the people's position);

學習馬克思,就要學習和實踐馬克思主義關于生產力和生產關系的思想(we should study and practice Marxist thought on productivity and the relations of production);

學習馬克思,就要學習和實踐馬克思主義關于人民民主的思想(we should study and practice Marxist thought on people's democracy);

學習馬克思,就要學習和實踐馬克思主義關于文化建設的思想(we should study and practice Marxist thought on cultural development);

學習馬克思,就要學習和實踐馬克思主義關于社會建設的思想(we should study and practice Marxist thought on social construction);

學習馬克思,就要學習和實踐馬克思主義關于人與自然關系的思想(we should study and practice Marxist ideas on relations between humans and nature);

學習馬克思,就要學習和實踐馬克思主義關于世界歷史的思想(we have to study and practice Marxist ideas on world history);

學習馬克思,就要學習和實踐馬克思主義關于馬克思主義政黨建設的思想(we have to study and practice Marxist ideas on party building)。

火山爆發 volcano eruptions

Consulate General of China in Los Angeles issued an alert message Saturday morning, warning Chinese citizens not to stay in dangerous zones in Hawaii's Big Island, which has been suffering strong volcano eruptions and earthquakes since Thursday.

中國駐洛杉磯總領事館5日晨發布通告,提醒中國公民避免進入自3日以來受火山噴發和地震影響的高危險區域(大島)。

據美國地質勘探局地震信息網消息,夏威夷群島的最大島嶼比格艾蘭島(Big Island“大島”)當地時間4日中午發生6.9級地震,震中鄰近正處于噴發狀態的基拉韋火山(the Kilauea Volcano)。當地政府啟動應急響應機制,疏散周圍居民,火山所在的夏威夷火山國家公園(the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park)已部分關閉。

中國駐洛杉磯總領事館在通告中提醒中國公民,關注火山活動情況,遵從當地政府部門指引(follow the directions of the local government),避免進入高危險區域。

據夏威夷州當地應急部門通告,對人們健康最大的威脅來自火山噴發后飄落的灰燼和地質活動在地表形成裂縫后排出的有毒氣體(toxic gas)。

The Hawaiian Volcanoes Observatory said eight vents, each several hundred meters long, opened in the neighborhood since Thursday. By late Saturday, the fissures had quieted down and were only releasing steam and gas.

夏威夷火山觀測站表示,自3日以來,周邊共有8個長達數百米的裂縫,到5日下午,裂縫暫時處于平靜狀態,只釋放出一些蒸汽和氣體。

Authorities cautioned sulfuric gas pouring out of the vents posed dangers, particularly to elderly and people with respiratory problems.

當地政府警告稱,裂縫中釋放出的含硫氣體會有潛在危害,對老年人以及有呼吸道疾病的人群尤其有害。

地下云圖網 underground seismic network for earthquake monitoring

According to the plan, 2,000 monitoring stations will be built in two years in Sichuan and Yunnan, two quake-prone provinces in southwest China, said scientists with the Institute of Care-life, a disaster-reduction lab based in Chengdu, capital of Sichuan.

四川省成都高新減災研究所的科學家表示,按照規劃,我國將用兩年時間在四川和云南兩個地震多發省份建立2000個監測站。

地下云圖網(underground seismic network for earthquake monitoring)是通過在四川、云南建設2000個地下云圖監測站(monitoring stations),實時關注與地震發生直接相關的物理量——地下應力和能量(underground stress and energy),從而形成它們的動態演化圖。

新建設的川滇地下云圖網的主要科學目標是,解決淺源(深度小于20千米)破壞性地震的臨震預報(to predict shallow earthquakes whose epicenters are less than 20 kilometers deep)難題。臨震預報(imminent earthquake prediction)是指對某地幾天以內,在較小范圍內可能發生的破壞性地震做出的預報。

按照科研計劃,地震預警四川省重點實驗室、成都高新減災研究所將用1至2年建成川滇地下云圖網;再用3年時間,運用新建設的地下云圖網采集10個左右破壞性地震的案例(monitor the region for three years and expect to collect data on about 10 earthquakes in this period),進行地震預報的內部技術試驗等。目前,首個地下云圖網監測站和傳感設備,已在汶川縣映秀地震臺部署完成。

伊朗核協議 Iran nuclear deal

US President Donald Trump announced Tuesday he is quitting the Iran nuclear deal, pitting him against the United States' Western allies and leaving the future of Tehran's nuclear ambitions in question.

美國總統特朗普8日宣布將退出伊朗核協議,此舉使美國公然與其西方盟友針鋒相對,也令伊朗未來的核計劃充滿不確定性。

【何為伊核協議?】

當地時間2015年7月14日,伊核問題六國、歐盟和伊朗在奧地利維也納達成伊核問題全面協議。

全稱: 聯合全面行動計劃(Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action)

參與國家:伊朗與國際調停“六方”(俄、美、英、中、法、德)

簽署時間:2015年7月14日

簽署地點:維也納

生效時間:2016年1月16日

要點:

1. Iran has agreed to dismantle most of its nuclear program, guaranteeing they would not be able to make a bomb for at least one year, over the course of 10 years.

伊朗同意廢除大部分核計劃,確保在未來10年當中,伊朗沒有能力在一年內制造出核彈。

2. Iran’s 19,000 installed centrifuges will have to be cut to no more than 6,104 for the next 10 years. The 13,000 decommissioned centrifuges will be sent to monitored storage by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

伊朗目前已安裝的1.9萬臺離心機將被縮減至6104臺以下。1.3萬臺拆解的離心機將被移送至由國際原子能機構監控的存放地點。

3. Iran has also agreed to reduce its stockpile of enriched uranium (the material needed to make a bomb) by 98 percent and agreed to halt further enrichment. That material would either be diluted or sold.

伊朗還同意將濃縮鈾(制造核彈的材料)的儲備減少98%,并中止鈾濃縮項目。削減的濃縮鈾將被稀釋或者出售。

4.The heavy water nuclear reactor in Arak will be redesigned, preventing Iran from producing weapons grade plutonium there. Iran will ship the spent fuel from Arak and over the next 15 years Iran will not build any new heavy water reactors.

位于阿拉克的重水核子反應爐將被重新設計,以防止伊朗生產武器級別的钚。伊朗將運走阿拉克基地內的燃料,在未來15年內都不會再建造任何新的重水反應堆。

5. If Iran breaks its commitments, all sanctions could be quickly snapped back into place, according to the terms of the agreement.

談判協議規定,如果伊朗不履行承諾,所有的制裁將迅速恢復。

在白宮發表的電視講話中,特朗普稱伊核協議是“已經腐爛了”的協議:

"It is clear to me that we cannot prevent an Iranian nuclear bomb under the decaying and rotten structure of the current agreement."

很顯然,在如今這個架子已經腐爛了的協議下,我們根本無法阻止伊朗擁有核武器。

"This was a horrible one-sided deal that should have never, ever been made. It didn't bring calm, it didn't bring peace, and it never will."

這是一個糟糕的單方面獲益的協議,從一開始就不該被簽訂。它過去沒有帶來平靜與和平,將來也永遠不可能。

特朗普還表示,美國將重啟對伊朗的制裁:

“We will be instituting the highest level of economic sanction. Any nation that helps Iran in its quest for nuclear weapons could also be strongly sanctioned by the United States.”

我們將制定最嚴厲的經濟制裁,任何幫助伊朗尋求核武器的國家也會遭到美國的嚴厲制裁。

他在簽署重新制裁伊朗政權的總統備忘錄前說,這一舉措是要傳達一個重要信息:

“The United States no longer makes empty threats.”

美國不會再只做空洞的威脅。

作為回應,伊朗表示暫時會留在協議框架之內,但是已做好準備,如有必要,重新啟動核武器的研究。

伊朗總統魯哈尼(Hassan Rouhani)說:

"I have ordered the Atomic Energy Organisation of Iran to be ready for action if needed, so that if necessary we can resume our enrichment on an industrial level without any limitations."

我已經命令伊朗原子能組織做好準備,如有必要,不設限制地重新開始我們工業級別的鈾濃縮。

聯合國秘書長古特雷斯(UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres)對此表示擔憂,他說:

"I am deeply concerned by today's announcement that the United States will be withdrawing from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and will begin reinstating US sanctions (against Iran)."

對于美國今天宣布退出《聯合全面行動計劃》并重啟對伊朗制裁的決定,我深表擔憂。

"I call on other JCPOA participants to abide fully by their respective commitments under the JCPOA and on all other (UN) member states to support this agreement."

我呼吁其他伊核協議參與方嚴格遵守各自的承諾,也希望聯合國其他成員國支持該協議。

另一方面,特朗普的決定讓美國的歐洲盟友們感到手足無措。

英、法、德三國領導人共同發布聲明,對特朗普的決定表示“遺憾和擔憂”(regret and concern),并宣布他們將繼續遵守伊核協議。

不過,伊朗在中東的勁敵以色列就強烈贊同美國的決定。

Trump won strong backing from Saudi Arabia and Israel, whose leader, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, hailed him for a “historic move” and “courageous leadership.”

特朗普獲得了沙特阿拉伯和以色列的全力支持。以色列總理內塔尼亞胡盛贊特朗普做了一個“歷史性的舉措”,彰顯了“有膽識的領導力”。

【中方表態】

5月9日,外交部例行記者會上有記者就此問題提問:北京時間5月9日凌晨,美總統特朗普宣布美終止參與伊朗核問題全面協議,但伊朗稱只要其他各方繼續履行協議,伊朗仍將遵守協議。中方對此的立場是什么?

外交部發言人耿爽回答:

中方對美方所做決定表示遺憾。伊朗核問題全面協議是由六國、歐盟和伊朗共同談判達成的多邊協議,并經過安理會第2231號決議核可,所有各方都應當認真執行,維護全面協議的完整性和嚴肅性。這有利于維護國際核不擴散體系,促進中東地區和平與穩定,對通過政治手段解決熱點問題也具有示范意義。

China regrets the decision made by the US side. The JCPOA is a multilateral agreement reached by the P5+1, the European Union and Iran through negotiations and endorsed by the UN Security Council Resolution 2231. All relevant parties should implement the JCPOA in good faith and ensure its integrity and sanctity. This will contribute to upholding the international non-proliferation regime and peace and stability in the Middle East and will play an exemplary role for the political settlement of hot-spot issues.

當前形勢下,中方呼吁所有各方本著負責任態度,從長遠和大局出發,堅持政治外交解決方向,妥善管控分歧,盡快回到繼續執行全面協議的正確軌道上來。中方將本著客觀、公正和負責任態度,同各方保持對話協商,繼續致力于維護和執行全面協議。

Under the current circumstances, China calls on all relevant parties to assume a responsible attitude, bear in mind the long-term and overall picture, stay committed to the political and diplomatic solution, properly handle differences and come back as soon as possible to the right track of continuing with the implementation of the JCPOA. China will maintain dialogue and consultation with all relevant parties and stay committed to upholding and implementing the JCPOA in an objective, unbiased and responsible attitude.

中日韓+X”模式 "China-Japan-South Korea+X" framework

China, Japan and South Korea are three big economies in the world, and are each other's key partner in trade and economic cooperation, said the Chinese premier, adding that they shoulder great responsibilities for boosting regional development, guiding regional economic integration and safeguarding regional peace and stability.

李克強表示,中日韓作為世界三大經濟體,互為重要經貿合作伙伴,對促進地區經濟發展、引領區域一體化進程、維護地區和平穩定負有重要責任。

面對當前復雜多變的國際政治經濟形勢,中日韓加強合作不僅是三國自身發展的需要,也是地區國家和國際社會的共同期待(accord with the expectations of the region and the international community at large)。三方應抓住機遇,擴大利益融合,努力推動地區持久和平與共同繁榮。

第一,積累政治互信,營造良好氛圍。

Build up political mutual trust and create a favorable environment.

第二,共同維護自由貿易,推動區域經濟一體化。

Safeguard free trade and promote regional economic integration.

第三,打造“中日韓+X”模式,促進地區可持續發展。

Work to explore cooperation within a "China-Japan-South Korea+X" framework to quicken regional development.

應集聚三方優勢,通過“中日韓+X”模式,在產能合作(production capacity cooperation)、防災減災(disaster prevention and mitigation)、節能環保(energy saving and environmental protection)等領域實施聯合項目,帶動和促進本地區國家實現更好更快發展。

第四,深化人文交流,夯實民意基礎。

Enhance people-to-people exchanges and lay a solid popular foundation.

第五,鼓勵技術創新,推進減貧、環保、抗災等工作,促進全球包容增長。

Encourage technological innovation, carry forward projects in poverty reduction, environmental protection and disaster prevention, and enhance inclusive global growth.

習金會 Xi, Kim meet over peninsula issue

5月7日至8日,中共中央總書記、國家主席習近平同朝鮮勞動黨委員長、國務委員會委員長金正恩在大連舉行會晤。

習近平同金正恩舉行會談,并為金正恩舉行歡迎晚宴,一同散步、出席午宴,在親切友好的氣氛中,兩黨兩國最高領導人就中朝關系及共同關心的重大問題全面深入交換意見。

"After the first meeting between me and Comrade Chairman, both China-DPRK relations and the Korean Peninsula situation have made positive progress. I feel happy about it," he said. Xi said he was willing to meet Kim again to make joint efforts to push the healthy and stable development of China-DPRK relations, realize long-lasting peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula, and promote regional peace, stability and prosperity.

習近平指出,我同委員長同志首次會晤以來,中朝關系和朝鮮半島形勢均取得積極進展,我對此感到高興,愿同委員長同志再次舉行會晤,共同為推動中朝關系健康穩定發展、實現朝鮮半島長治久安、促進地區和平穩定繁榮作出努力。

習近平強調,今年3月,我同委員長同志在北京實現了歷史性首次會晤,進行了長時間深入交流,就發展新時代中朝關系(developing China-DPRK relations in the new era)達成了四方面原則共識。

First, the China-DPRK traditional friendship has been a treasure of both countries. It is an unswerving principle and the only correct choice for both countries to develop the friendly and cooperative China-DPRK relations.

第一,中朝傳統友誼是雙方共同的寶貴財富,發展好中朝友好合作關系是雙方堅定不移的方針,也是唯一正確選擇。

Second, both China and the DPRK are socialist countries, and their bilateral relations are of major strategic significance. Both sides need to enhance unity, cooperation, exchanges and mutual learning.

第二,中朝同為社會主義國家,雙邊關系具有重大戰略意義,要加強團結合作、交流互鑒。

Third, high-level exchanges between the two parties play an irreplaceably significant role in guiding bilateral relations, Xi said. The two sides should maintain frequent exchanges, strengthen strategic communication, deepen understanding and mutual trust, and safeguard common interests.

第三,兩黨高層交往對于引領雙邊關系具有不可替代的重大作用,雙方應保持經常往來,加強戰略溝通,增加理解互信,維護共同利益。

Fourth, cementing the people-to-people friendship foundation is an important channel to advance the development of China-DPRK relations, Xi said. The two sides should, by multiple means, enhance people-to-people communication and exchanges to create a sound foundation of popular will for the advancement of China-DPRK relations.

第四,夯實民間友好基礎是推進中朝關系發展的重要途徑,應通過多種形式,加強兩國人民交流往來,為中朝關系發展營造良好民意基礎。

在雙方共同努力下,各項共識正在得到良好的貫徹落實(all of these consensuses are being well implemented)。一個多月時間內,我同委員長同志兩度會晤,保持著密切溝通。我愿同委員長同志一道,繼續指導雙方有關部門落實好我們達成的共識,推動中朝關系不斷向前發展,造福兩國和兩國人民,為本地區和平穩定作出積極貢獻。

談到朝鮮半島形勢時,習近平指出,我同委員長同志首次會晤時就此深入交換了意見,達成重要共識。近段時間,委員長同志在推動半島對話緩和方面作出了積極努力(make active efforts to promote dialogue and easing of tension on the peninsula),取得積極成果。中方支持朝方堅持半島無核化,支持朝美對話協商解決半島問題,愿繼續同有關各方一道,為全面推進半島問題和平對話解決進程、實現地區長治久安發揮積極作用。

Kim said comrade-like trust and friendship between the elder generations of leaders of the two parties and countries form the close bond and solid foundation for the traditional friendship between the DPRK and China.

金正恩表示,朝中兩黨兩國老一輩領導人同志式的相互信任和情義,是朝中傳統友誼的親密紐帶和堅實根基。

我同總書記同志繼承這一良好傳統,舉行卓有成效的歷史性會晤,推動朝中關系迎來了前所未有的活躍發展(promote the unprecedentedly vigorous development of the DPRK-China relations)。

It has been the DPRK's consistent and clear stand to achieve denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, Kim said. As long as relevant parties abolish their hostile policies and remove security threats against the DPRK, there is no need for the DPRK to be a nuclear state and denuclearization can be realized, he said.

他表示,實現朝鮮半島無核化是朝方始終如一的明確立場。只要有關方面消除對朝敵視政策和安全威脅,朝方沒有必要擁核,無核化是可以實現的。

希望通過朝美對話建立互信,有關各方負責任地采取分階段、同步性的措施(take phased and synchronous measures in a responsible manner),全面推進半島問題政治解決進程(comprehensively advance the political settlement of the Korean Peninsula issue),最終實現半島無核化和持久和平。

海試 sea trial

The People's Liberation Army Navy said in a statement the sea trial aims to demonstrate the reliability and capability of the ship's propulsion systems, adding its construction has been proceeding well.

海軍在聲明中表示,此次海試主要檢測驗證動力系統等設備的可靠性和穩定性,并稱航母建造工作正在穩步推進。

自2017年4月26日下水(undocking)以來,第二艘航母建造工作按照計劃穩步推進,完成了系統設備調試(system and equipment debugging)、舾裝施工(outfitting)和相關系泊試驗(comprehensive mooring trials),具備了出海試驗的技術條件。

按照國際通行標準,新航母從下水到交付海軍,一般需要幾次試驗和試航(sea trials),主要有合同試驗(contract test)、性能試驗(performance test)與特殊性試驗(specificity test)。

2012年9月25日,我國首艘航空母艦“遼寧艦”正式交接入列(delivered and commissioned to the People's Liberation Army)。這艘航母(外殼)是1998年從烏克蘭購買,經過平臺改造(refitting)后,主要用于科研、試驗和訓練(scientific research, test and training)。

航空母艦001A全部建成之后,中國將成為繼美國、俄羅斯、英國、法國、意大利和西班牙之后全球第七個有能力自行建造航母(capable of building domestic aircraft carrier)的國家。

順風車 "hitch" ride service

Didi Chuxing, a car-hailing service company, said on Wednesday that it will suspend its "hitch" ride service from 10 pm to 6 am as part of its response to the killing of a female passenger. Passengers and drivers will receive safety warnings for orders near 10 pm.

作為對此前女乘客遇害事件的回應,滴滴出行周三表示,將暫停接受22點-6點期間出發的順風車訂單。在臨近22點時接受的訂單,在出發前會對合乘雙方進行安全提示。

在此次整改措施中,滴滴出行表示,順風車服務下線所有個性化標簽和評論功能(remove the features of personalized tags and comments),順風車平臺合乘雙方的個人信息和頭像改為僅自己可見,外顯頭像全部為系統默認的虛擬頭像(default profile photo)。同時,每次出車前司機都要進行人臉識別(facial recognition)。

順風車(ride sharing/hitch ride)只是網約車平臺提供的眾多服務之一,其他還包括專車(tailored taxi service)、快車(fast ride)、出租車(taxi hailing)、單車(bike sharing)、代駕(chauffeuring)、自駕租車(car rental)等。

在保障乘客安全方面,滴滴將把緊急求助(emergency call)功能提升至頁面的顯著位置,除了原有功能外,乘客還可一鍵撥打110、120、122及平臺安全客服等求助電話。

最后附上一些搭乘網約車、出租車的安全小貼士。大家出行時一定要注意安全!

不乘坐“黑的”

Stay away from illegal taxi

告訴朋友你的搭車信息

Share your trip details with a friend

盡量不要拼車

Avoid car-pooling

盡量不要坐副駕駛

Sit in the backseat

不要透露個人信息

Do not share your personal information

自己在手機上導航

Navigate from your phone

民營自研商用亞軌道火箭 commercial sub-orbital rocket designed and built by a private enterprise

The OS-X suborbital rocket, developed and made by OneSpace Technology. It flew 306 seconds and traveled 273 kilometers through the atmosphere before falling back to the ground, the company said.

OS—X亞軌道火箭由零壹空間航天科技公司研發,飛行時間306秒,飛行距離273公里,在落入地面之前一直在大氣層內飛行。

“重慶兩江之星”為零壹空間OS-X系列的首型火箭,也是中國首枚民營自研商用亞軌道火箭(China's first commercial sub-orbital rocket designed and built by a private enterprise)。該火箭長度9米,總重7200公斤。

該火箭可靈活配置燃氣舵(gas rudder)、空氣舵(air rudder)、姿控動力(attitude control)等多種控制機構,并具有很強的控制能力,可以根據用戶的需求進行定制化設計,能夠滿足飛行試驗所需的各類復雜飛行彈道。

首飛實現了長時間臨近空間有控飛行(a long, controllable flight),獲取了大量真實飛行環境數據。值得一提的是,本次飛行試驗中,零壹空間開展了國內首次“減阻桿(drag-mitigating pole)”“低成本能源(low-cost energy)”“箭上無線通訊(built-in wireless communications devices)”等創新技術的研究,為簡化火箭系統設計、降低研制成本打下了堅實基礎。

法律服務網 legal service website

由司法部建設的中國法律服務網20日正式上線,為群眾提供高效便捷的公共法律服務。

Citizens can contact lawyers entrusted by the ministry for legal advice and search information about legal aid, mediation and other judicial services at the website "www.12348.gov.cn," according to a ministry press release.

司法部在新聞發布會上表示,群眾可以在中國法律服務網(www.12348.gov.cn)上聯系司法部委派的律師尋求法律咨詢,搜索法律援助、調解及其他司法服務方面的信息。

據介紹,中國法律服務網匯聚全國公共法律服務資源,整合38萬多家法律服務機構(legal service agencies)和139萬多名法律服務人員數據,提供法律事務咨詢(legal advice)、法律服務指引(legal service consultation)、法律法規與案例查詢(search information about laws and regulations and cases)、信用信息公開(disclosure of credit information)等服務功能。

中國法律服務網的總體架構為“一張網絡,兩級平臺(two platforms in one network)”,由一張網絡覆蓋全地域、全業務,縱向由部、省兩級平臺組成,平臺之間通過數據共享交換系統實現聯通,橫向包括門戶網站、“掌上12348”微信公眾號、移動客戶端。

網站的智能法律咨詢系統提供24小時在線自助服務,根據公眾輸入問題,系統自動生成免費的“法律咨詢意見書”,目前已實現婚姻問題(marriage issues)、勞動糾紛(labor disputes)、工傷賠償(work-related injury compensation)等6類案件類型。

下一步司法部將通過法網建設,進一步融合公共法律服務實體、熱線和網絡三大平臺(further integrate the platforms of public legal service units, hotline and websites),科學配置法律服務資源,全面提升公共法律服務能力和水平(improve capability and quality of public legal service)。

中繼衛星 relay satellite

China launched a relay satellite early Monday to set up a communication link between Earth and the planned Chang'e-4 lunar probe that will explore the mysterious far side of Moon, which can not be seen from Earth.

中國于21日凌晨發射中繼衛星,將為將來實施的嫦娥四號月球背面軟著陸探測任務提供地月間的中繼通信。

The satellite, named Queqiao (Magpie Bridge), was carried by a Long March-4C rocket that blasted off at 5:28 a.m. from southwest China's Xichang Satellite Launch Center, according to the China National Space Administration (CNSA).

據中國國家航天局消息,這顆衛星名為鵲橋,由長征四號丙運載火箭于5時28分在西昌衛星發射中心發射升空。

這是世界首顆運行于地月拉格朗日L2點(簡稱地月L2點)的通信衛星,將為2018年底擇機實施的嫦娥四號月球背面軟著陸探測任務提供地月間的中繼通信。

"The launch is a key step for China to realize its goal of being the first country to send a probe to soft-land on and rove the far side of the Moon," said Zhang Lihua, manager of the relay satellite project.

中國航天科技集團有限公司五院“鵲橋”號中繼星項目經理張立華說,“鵲橋的發射是中國成為首個實現探測器月球背面軟著陸和巡視勘察的國家的關鍵一步。”

長征四號丙運載火箭飛行25分鐘后,星箭分離,將“鵲橋”直接送入近地點高度200公里,遠地點高度40萬公里的預定地月轉移軌道,衛星太陽翼和中繼通信天線相繼展開正常。

About 25 minutes after liftoff, the satellite separated from the rocket and entered an Earth-Moon transfer orbit with the perigee at 200 km and the apogee at about 400,000 km. The solar panels and the communication antennas were unfolded.

后續,“鵲橋”將經中途修正、近月制動和月球借力,進入月球至地月L2點的轉移軌道,通過3次捕獲控制和修正后,最終進入環繞地月L2點的使命軌道,地月L2點是衛星相對于地球和月球基本保持靜止的一個空間點。

Queqiao is expected to enter a halo orbit around the second Lagrangian (L2) point of the Earth-Moon system, about 455,000 km from the Earth.

It will be the world's first communication satellite operating in that orbit.

區塊鏈產業鏈條 industrial chain for the blockchain sector

According to the white paper recently released by the ministry's Information Center, a complete industrial chain for the blockchain sector has emerged in China, ranging from hardware manufacturing, platform and security services, to application services, investment, media and human resources services. As of March, the number of blockchain tech companies in China reached 456.

白皮書稱,截至2018年3月底,我國的區塊鏈公司數量達到456家,涉及硬件制造、平臺服務、安全服務,到產業技術應用服務,以及行業投融資、媒體、人才服務,區塊鏈產業鏈條已經形成。

《白皮書》顯示,2017年是近幾年的區塊鏈創業高峰期(the peak year for blockchain development),由于區塊鏈概念的快速普及,以及技術的逐步成熟,很多創業者涌入這個領域,新成立公司數量達到178家。

從公司的地域分布狀況來看,地域分布相對集中,產業集聚效應(industrial agglomeration effect)明顯。北京、上海、廣東、浙江依然是區塊鏈創業的集中地,區塊鏈企業占比超80%。

什么是區塊鏈?

工信部指導發布的《中國區塊鏈技術和應用發展白皮書2016》這樣解釋:廣義來講,區塊鏈技術(blockchain technology)是利用塊鏈式數據結構(blockchain data structure)來驗證與存儲數據、利用分布式節點共識算法(distributed consensus algorithm)來生成和更新數據、利用密碼學(cryptography)的方式保證數據傳輸和訪問的安全、利用由自動化腳本代碼組成的智能合約來編程和操作數據的一種全新的分布式基礎架構與計算范式。

簡單地說,區塊鏈就是一種去中心化的分布式賬本數據庫(decentralized and distributed ledger database)。去中心化,即與傳統中心化的方式不同,這里是沒有中心,或者說人人都是中心;分布式賬本數據庫,意味著記載方式不只是將賬本數據存儲在每個節點,而且每個節點會同步共享復制整個賬本的數據(simultaneously share a copy of the ledger)。

區塊鏈技術支撐的交易模式下,買家和賣家可直接交易,無需通過任何中介平臺(intermediary platform)。買賣雙方交易后,系統通過廣播的形式發布交易信息,所有收到信息的主機在確認信息無誤后記錄下這筆交易,相當于所有的主機都為這次交易做了數據備份。這種數據存儲結構具有透明(transparent)、可追蹤(traceble)、不可篡改(unalterable)、數據安全(data security)等特點。

“特金會”紀念幣 commemorative coin

Members of the White House Communications Agency, which provides a range of communications support to US presidents, created and issued a commemorative coin featuring Trump and Kim's likeness with the words "PEACE TALKS" above them.

白宮通信局成員制作并發布了一款紀念幣,印有特朗普和金正恩的頭像,上方有“和談”二字。白宮通信局為美國總統提供通信支持。

紀念幣(commemorative coin)的一面是特朗普與金正恩的側臉,分別以兩國國旗為背景;“和談(peace talk)”兩側是兩國國名,the United States of America以及Democratic People's Republic of Korea;兩人側臉頭像的外圍印有雙方領導人的稱謂,特朗普為President Donald J. Trump,金正恩為Supreme Leader Kim Jong-Un;另一面是特朗普專機空軍一號以及白宮的畫面。

不過,這枚紀念幣并不是白宮參與定制的。

The coin -- which members of the White House Communications Agency create for every presidential trip abroad -- was not created or approved by the White House nor was it paid for using government funds.

這枚硬幣并非白宮定制或批準,制作過程也沒有使用政府資金。白宮通信辦公室成員會為美國總統的每一次海外之行定制紀念幣。

白宮副發言人拉吉·沙赫(White House deputy press secretary Raj Shah)表示:

"Since 2003, White House Communications Agency members have ordered a limited number of commercially designed and manufactured souvenir travel coins for purchase," Shah said. "These coins are designed, manufactured and made by an American coin manufacturer. These souvenir coins are only ordered after a trip has been publicly announced. The White House did not have any input into the design and manufacture of the coin."

自2003年以來,白宮通信局成員就開始訂購一定數量的商業定制并生產的紀念旅行硬幣,用來出售。這些硬幣由一家美國硬幣制造商設計并制作。紀念幣只會在總統的行程公開以后才開始定制,白宮不會參與硬幣設計和生產的任何環節。

逃犯克星 fugitive trapper

On Sunday (May 20), police captured a fugitive at a concert by Jacky Cheung, held in Jiaxing, a city in eastern Zhejiang province. It was the third time in two months that facial recognition technology led to the arrest of a wanted person at one of Cheung’s concerts.

5月20日,警方在張學友嘉興演唱會上抓到一名逃犯。這已經是警方在兩個月內第三次在張學友演唱會上利用面部識別技術抓到逃犯。

4月7日晚,張學友南昌演唱會,警方通過安保人像識別功能,在看臺抓住了一名因涉嫌經濟案件被警方列為網上追逃對象的逃犯敖某。

The 31-year-old man detained, who is wanted for unspecified economic crimes, was said to be in shock when police took him away.

這名逃犯31歲,涉嫌經濟犯罪,據說在被警方帶走時很驚訝。

The man, who was only identified by his family name Ao, was quoted as saying he felt safe among such a huge crowd and would never have gone to the concert if he knew the police were capable of identifying him.

敖某說,在這么多人當中覺得很安全,并表示如果知道警方能認出自己絕對不會去演唱會。

5月5日晚,張學友贛州演唱會,警方在安檢過程中,利用高科技手段現場抓獲網逃1名。

Local police say the man was captured while passing through a security check to enter the venue. After facial-recognition cameras identified the man’s face from a database of suspects, officers at the concert made the arrest.

當地警方表示,該男子是在入口安檢時被抓獲的。面部識別監控設備比對網上追逃人員數據庫后確定了該男子的身份,警方現場將其逮捕。

那么問題來了,張學友的這個外號“逃犯克星”用英語該怎么表達呢?

英國《每日郵報》用的是fugitive trapper

'King of Pop' is hailed as 'fugitive trapper' in China after police nab three wanted men in two months at his concerts

兩個月內,演唱會送警方三逃犯,“歌神”被稱“逃犯克星”

Fugitive我們都知道是“逃犯”的意思,而trapper的本意是“設陷阱誘捕動物的人(a person who traps animals, especially for their fur)”。從字面意思來理解的話,這里用trapper似乎表示張學友的演唱會本身就是為誘捕逃犯而設的一個局,似乎略有不妥。不過轉念一想,演唱會本身雖然不是局,但警方利用演唱會這個機會,通過面部識別系統比對現場人員,本身就是為了識別有記錄在案的違法犯罪分子,這樣看來,用trapper倒也合適。

Quartz網站則用了The Nemesis of Fugitives

Cheung is known as the “God of Songs,” and one of Hong Kong’s “Four Heavenly Kings,” the singer-actors who rocked the pop culture world in Asia in the 1990s. Now his unwitting involvement with a string of captures has won him a new nickname on China’s internet: “The Nemesis of Fugitives.”

張學友被稱為“歌神”,在上世紀90年代紅遍亞洲流行文化圈,是香港“四大天王”之一。如今,他的無心之舉導致逃犯落網,中國的網友們又送了他一個外號“逃犯克星”。

Nemesis簡單來說就是“報應、懲罰”,發音是 [?n?m?s?s],如果A is the nemesis of B,意思就是“A是對B的報應/懲罰”,即 a situation, event, or person which causes them to be seriously harmed, especially as a punishment(A是能讓B受到嚴厲懲罰的情形、事件或人)。這個解釋有點命中注定的意思,不是事先安排的,但是,逃犯來張學友的演唱會,就會被警察抓到,的確有點“克星”的意味。

新聞網站asiaone直接用大白話natural enemy of fugitives

With the arrests, Cheung was dubbed by Chinese netizens as "natural enemy of fugitives", with the arrest scenarios at concerts setting off memes circulating on the internet.

因為這幾起逃犯落網事件,張學友被中國網友戲稱為“逃犯克星”,網絡上流傳著關于逃犯落網場景的各種惡搞。

Natural enemy,顧名思義就是“天敵”,天生就是跟你對著干的。人家雖然是知名歌手,但天生就有吸引逃犯到現場看演唱會的魅力,加上警方的高科技手段,逃犯落網也就不可避免了。

如果喜歡用中文詞來搜索英文解釋的話,有人可能會發現buster這個詞。

沒錯,buster也有“克星”的意思,即 a person (or thing) that breaks up or overpowers something(能夠力克某事的人或事),比如,This detective is a crime-buster.(這位警探是犯罪克星。)不過,這里的“克星”強調的是專門的目的性,也就是說,這個人專職做這件事,而且很擅長。張學友并不是專門抓逃犯的歌手,稱他為fugitive-buster自然有點不合適。不過,如果我們說the facial recognition technology is a fugitive-buster,應該沒人會反對吧?

汽車進口關稅 automobile import tariffs

China will slash import tariffs for automobiles and vehicle components starting July 1 as part of its efforts to further open up the world's largest car market, the Ministry of Finance said on Tuesday.

財政部22日表示,自7月1日起,我國將降低汽車整車及零部件進口關稅,這是我國作為世界最大汽車市場進一步開放的部分舉措。

汽車進口關稅(automobile import tariffs)主要由關稅(tariff)、消費稅(consumption tax)、增值稅(value-added tax)三部分構成。其中消費稅是根據進口汽車排氣量(imported automobiles' exhaust)而定的,排氣量越大的汽車消費稅越高。相對于原本高昂的價格,降低關稅可以有效減少進口車一部分的價格。據財政部網站消息稱,目前稅率為20-25%的汽車整車稅率(automobile tariffs)將降至15%;目前稅率為8%-25%的汽車零部件稅率將降至6%。

中國汽車流通協會有形市場分會常務副理事長蘇暉表示,此次下調關稅對豪華車市場(luxury car market)的影響最大,而對中端車和經濟型轎車(intermediate and economy cars)影響相對較小。由于高檔車(premium car)本身價格就很高昂,如果下調10%對價格成本的影響就會很大。行業分析人士稱,下調汽車及零部件進口關稅將降低進口汽車售價(make imported vehicles less expensive),利好國內廣大消費者(benefit the vast number of consumers in China)并鼓勵行業競爭(encourage competition in the industry)。

煎餅馃子 Chinese savoury crepe

近日,天津市餐飲行業協會批準了《天津市地方傳統名吃 制作加工技術規范 天津煎餅馃子》。這一規范從5月26日起實施。

煎餅馃子有了技術規范 薄餅直徑不小于38cm

這份標準規定了天津煎餅馃子的術語與定義、原、輔料要求、制作場所及設備要求、加工過程衛生及人員要求、制作工藝要求、標識、包裝、運輸與貯存等內容。

我們來看看這份標準都做了哪些規定:

煎餅馃子有了技術規范 薄餅直徑不小于38cm

? 天津煎餅馃子的原料(ingredients)是綠豆面(green bean flour)、小米面(millet flour)、雞蛋、面粉等;

? 輔料(dressings)包括面醬、蔥末(chopped scallions)、辣醬(chili sauce)、腐乳(醬豆腐)、芝麻;

? 馃子又稱油條(deep-fried dough sticks);馃箅(bì)兒是油炸面制食品,薄、脆,形狀方形;

? 刷子攤成的薄餅直徑應在38~45cm;

? 成品建議兩小時內食用(to be consumed within 2 hours)。

煎餅馃子分會秘書長宋冠鳴在接受中國日報采訪時表示:

"Our move has triggered debates over whether it is meaningful to unify the cooking standards of the food," Song said.

宋冠鳴說,“我們的這一舉措引發了大量討論,網友質疑是否有必要為煎餅制定統一的制作標準。”

The renowned Chinese snack jianbing guozi, deep-fried dough sticks rolled in a thin pancake(also known as Chinese savoury crepe), has a history of 600 years in Tianjin and has become a favorite gourmet flavor worldwide, Song said.

宋冠鳴介紹稱,煎餅馃子作為中國知名小吃在天津有600年的歷史,而且已經成為世界各地都喜愛的一種美食。

煎餅馃子有了技術規范 薄餅直徑不小于38cm

"However, it's not our aim to make it standard like KFC fast food. We just aim to better regulate the cooking process, techniques and health safety for the time-honored Tianjin style in its hometown."

“但我們的目的并不是把煎餅做成肯德基這樣的標準化快餐。我們只是希望更好地規范這一歷史悠久的天津名吃的加工過程、制作工藝和食品衛生。”

宋冠鳴稱,制定團體標準的初衷,是為了讓天津煎餅馃子在傳統化、統一化、標準化的道路上走得更遠。

The association indicated that it doesn't mean to regulate the proportions of the ingredients, the taste of the sauce or make every stand selling it provide the same flavor.

煎餅馃子分會表示,他們不會限定作料的用量和面醬的味道,也不會要求每個煎餅攤做出同一個口味的煎餅。

However, it is dedicated to protecting the techniques of the most traditional jianbing guozi.

但協會將致力于保護傳統煎餅制作工藝。

中華文明探源工程 the project aimed at tracing the origins of Chinese civilization

The project aimed at tracing the origins of Chinese civilization released its archaeological research results on Monday. According to its findings, Chinese civilization can be traced back more than 5,000 years based on the large-scale archaeological research in many domestic ruins.

中華文明探源工程28日發布考古研究成果,在國內多個遺址進行的大規模考古研究證實,中華文明可以追溯到5000多年以前。

中國國家文物局副局長關強介紹,探源工程是以考古調查發掘(archaeological research)為獲取相關資料的主要手段,以現代科學技術為支撐,采取多學科交叉研究(multidisciplinary scientific research)的方式,揭示中華民族5000年文明起源與早期發展的重大科研項目。該工程由中國社科院考古研究所(the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences' Institute of Archaeology)、北京大學考古文博學院(Peking University's School of Archaeology and Museology)牽頭,聯合近70家科研院所、高等院校和地方考古研究機構共同參與。

多年來,探源工程專家聚焦良渚、陶寺、石峁、二里頭等都邑性遺址(capital city-level sites),以田野考古(field archaeology)工作為中心,為實證5000年中華文明提供重要證據。

經過多年研究,專家們對中華文明起源和早期發展的過程進行了梗概式描述。

Signs of civilization emerged around 5,800 years ago in areas of the Yellow River, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the West Liao River in Northeast China

距今5800年前后,黃河、長江中下游以及西遼河等區域出現了文明起源跡象;

Around 5,300 years ago, some regions along the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the western bank of Liaohe River (in Northeast China) stepped into the age of civilization.

距今5300年以來,長江、黃河以及遼河西岸部分地區陸續進入了文明階段;

A more mature civilization took shape in central China around 3,800 years ago and spread cultural influence around, becoming the focus and leader in formation of the Chinese civilization.

距今3800年前后,中原地區形成了更為成熟的文明形態,并向四方輻射文化影響力,成為中華文明總進程的核心與引領者。

(中國日報網英語點津 馬文英)

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